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Treponema Pallidum
STD's
Syphilis
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© Copyright 2010
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Treponema Pallidum STD's Syphilis
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" LEARN MORE, BE MORE " |
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Buckle up people, it's a bumpy ride.
For Adolph Hitler
Syphilis - A sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochaete bacterium Treponema Pallidum
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Syphilis
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Where does Syphilis come from? It has been presumed for about 500 years that Syphilis was brought to Europe from North America, in the Columbus ship returning home. However, it might not be so easy to blame the Native American; bone studies of skeletons whose owners clearly died of this disease have been found in the North of England. Carbon Dating says that these bones are over 700 years old. Perhaps 100 years older than Columbus himself. Moreover, it has now been discovered that the disease was present in Greece over 2,500 years ago. The bones of a sufferer are very recognizable and though in fact Syphilis was actually taken to the Americas from Europe, it mutated to a milder strain, giving rise that it emanated there. |
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STD's - SYPHILIS |
Examples of how syphilis was spread out through the USA in 1998 |
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Translate this page to most languages in the world. |
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SYPHILIS A MOST NASTY DISEASE
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SYPHILIS - systemic disease that is caused by the spirochete bacterium Treponema pallidum. Syphilis is usually transmitted through sexual contact - Sexually Transmitted Disease - STD'S. But it occasionally occurs congenitally from infection in the mother. Another form, endemic syphilis, is non venereal (not related to sexual contact) in spread and is localized in parts of the world where climatic, economic, and social conditions favor its development. The causative organism of venereal syphilis is a corkscrew-shaped bacterium with regular, tightly wound coils. This bacterium, T. pallidum, averages 8 to 10 microns in length. The bacterium requires moisture to exist, so continuous moisture is a necessity for the transfer of the microorganism from one person to another. The most common means of such transmission is sexual intercourse. T. pallidum's dependence on moisture is the sole reason that syphilis is classed as a sexually transmitted disease. In the body's tissues, the spirochete bacteria reproduce and remain present for the lifetime of the infected person unless destroyed by treatment. Syphilis is effectively treated with penicillin, which kills the spirochetes. |
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Syphilis |
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The historical origin of venereal syphilis is obscure. Indisputable reference to it in European literature occurred only after the return of Columbus from the New World, and a widely held theory of a New World origin was supported when evidence of treponematosis was found in the skeletal remains of pre-Columbian American Indians. On the other hand, “leprosy” in Europe before 1500 was considered highly contagious, was associated with sexual contact, had hereditary features, and was said to respond to mercury therapy; therefore, it is likely that many cases thought to be leprosy were actually syphilis. After the post-Columbian outbreak, much was learned about syphilis. Treatment with mercury was widespread, and in 1836 potassium iodide was introduced; but the first successful drug, Salvarsan (606) - was developed in 1909 by the German bacteriologist Paul Ehrlich. Much was learned about the course of the disease from the infamous Tuskegee syphilis study (1932–72). The use of antibiotics developed in 1943 after the discovery by the American physician John Friend Mahoney and others that penicillin was an effective treatment for non advanced cases of syphilis. |
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WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF SYPHILIS? The first signs of initial infection, is an ulcer at the site of the infection. The bacteria - Treponema Pallidum, also travels throughout the body's system, becoming, over time, injurious to many organs. Medical authorities categorize the path of the disease by dividing it into four-stages, as the bacteria develops within the body. Primary, Secondary, Latent, and Tertiary (late). A victim who has not been diagnosed or treated, can infect others during the first two stages, which usually last 12 to 30 months. In its late stages, untreated syphilis, although not then contagious, can cause serious heart abnormalities, mental disorders, blindness, other neurological problems, and sometimes death. Primary Syphilis
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Secondary Syphilis An alarming skin-rash, with red-brown sores about the size of a penny, often appear during this more chronic stage of syphilis. The victim usually notices this problem. The skin-rash appears anywhere from 21 to 40 days after the dry ulcer appears. The rash can cover the whole body, or just appear here and there. Though, it is almost always on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
Often sexual activity can damage the skin. Bacteria present in the sores is still active, so any physical contact, whether sexual or non-sexual, with anyone who has broken skin, can be infected by the infected person, who's sores maybe open. The rash generally heals within a few weeks to a few months, after this stage. Other symptoms can also take place, such as a mild fever, feeling fatigued, headaches, sore throat, even irregular hair loss, and swollen lymph glands throughout the body, as it silently tries to fight off this invasion. These warning signs may be quite mild and, like the chancres of primary syphilis, they will also disappear without treatment. But they often return intermittently over the next few years. Latent syphilis Many people, through fear will ignore these symptoms, that can come and go over a 36 month period. Make sure that you know your partner, and your own body; always report any unfamiliar goings-on to your doctor. If untreated, syphilis will hopefully lapse into Latent Syphilis and whilst the disease is no longer contagious, and there are no outward signs that you may have it, you might consider yourself lucky. Most sufferers will go for the rest of their lives, even though they have ignored the repercussions, and never actually received treatment, with no further signs and symptoms of the disease. But even though you may not know it, you are never free. It is considered that THIRTY years is only an average time for it to reoccur. It might actually be 40 - 70 years, the problem being that most of us, will be quite old by then, and die before we reach this age Tertiary Syphilis Around 33% of all people who have contracted the syphilis bacteria and have gone through the secondary stage, are fated to develop the further complications caused by the life-cycle of Treponema Pallidum. Late, or Tertiary Syphilis can bring about the distressing conditions where the heart is irreparably damaged. Also effected can be the eyes, the brain, the nervous system, bones, joints, almost any other part of the body. This stage can last for years, or even for decades, a life-time of pain. This stage will result in some kind of mental illness, blindness, or other neurological problems. It is said that Adolph Hitler, the WWII leader, had syphilis and it was instrumental in the decline of his leadership qualities. Moreover, it is further alleged that Hitler caught the condition from a Jewish prostitute, adding more speculation for the reasons behind his atrocities.
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How Does Your Body Fight Infection? Immunity - The resistance of the body to infection, especially resistance due to antibodies. Babies have passive immunity from antibodies transferred from the mother’s blood through the placenta. Active immunity involves the formation of antibodies after exposure to an antigen - bacteria that invade the body during an infection are antigens. The two different kinds of immune response produced by antibodies involve: white blood cells called T-lymphocytes - produced by the thymus, which produce cells with antibody properties bound to their surface and are responsible for such reactions as graft rejection; B-lymphocytes, which produce cells that release free antibody into the blood. Leucocyte - lymphocytes - or white blood cell. A colorless cell found in large numbers in the blood. There are several kinds, all involved in the body’s defense mechanisms. Granulocytes and monocytes destroy and feed on bacteria and other microorganisms that cause infection - see also phagocyte. The lymphocytes are involved with the production of antibodies. Phagocyte - A cell that engulfs and then digests particles from its surroundings: this process is called phagocytosis. In vertebrate animals, phagocytes are a type of white blood cell that protect the body by engulfing bacteria and other foreign particles. Immunization is the production of immunity by an injection containing antibodies against specific diseases e.g. tetanus and diphtheria, which provides temporary passive immunity, or by vaccination, which produces the longer lasting active immunity. Antibody - A protein produced by certain white blood cells - lymphocytes that reacts with a particular foreign particle e.g. a bacterium, that has entered the body. The antibody helps to destroy the foreign particle, known as the antigen. If the same bacteria invade the body in future, many more of the same antibodies are produced, enabling the body to destroy the bacteria very rapidly and so resist infection. This provides the basis of immunity. Antibodies are also responsible for the rejection of foreign tissue or organ transplants. See also monoclonal antibody. Monoclonal antibody - A type of pure antibody that can be produced artificially in large quantities and used, for example, to distinguish the major blood groups. Mouse lymphocytes producing the required antibody are fused with mouse cancer cells; the resulting hybrid cells multiply rapidly and all produce the same type of antibody as their parent lymphocytes. Whilst all this bodily protection sounds wonderful, the problem with MRSA, is that there is no defense to it, no answer to its attack. The Wasserman Test Mix human serum (blood minus cells) with cardiolipin and complement If there are antibodies in the blood, the complement is used up by the complex If not, there is still free complement Add sheep cells coated with antibody If there is still complement left, they lyse If all is used up, they don't lyse. In other words: If there is anti-syphilis antibody (anti-cardiolipin antibody), it binds to cardiolipin and then complement binds and removed from the mixture If there is no anti-cardiolipin antibody, the complement won't bind in the first mixture and is still there when the sheep cells are added.
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SyphilisIt may sound like a disease that died out in the 19th century, but syphilis is still well and truly with us. It can have devastating effects if left untreated, says the fpa - Family Planning Association. But how do you catch it and what are the symptoms?
What The BBC says
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Blood cellsThere are a number of different cell types in circulation in the blood stream. Here's a quick review: Red cells carry oxygen to the cells of the body. They are essentially bags of hemoglobin, the oxygen carrying molecule. Hemoglobin binds oxygen to iron atoms, which give the hemoglobin and thus the cells their distinctive red color. White cells (neutrophils) are of several types: Polymorphonuclear cells, or "polys" for short, fight bacterial infections by engulfing bacteria and digesting them. They form PUS and are the chief ingredient of an abscess. Lymphocytes are the virus killers. There are two types of these: T-cells which remember what germs we've been exposed to and how to kill them. T-cells are the key component of the immune system that is missing in AIDS. B-cells that secrete the actual antibodies that attach to viruses and bacteria and identify them as things to be destroyed - rather like tagging the target with a laser so that the smart bomb will home in and blast the target. Monocytes are cells that are related to lymphocytes but have a killing and cleaning function. They cruise through the tissues of the body cleaning up debris and killing any bacteria they find. They are often increased in viral infections - a reassuring finding that your doctor may note on your child's blood count. Eosinophils are cells which are strongly related to allergy and the recognition of foreign things in the body like parasites. Basophils are cells that are also part of the allergy and parasite recognition system. Platelets are the cells that plug leaks in the vascular system, the clotting cells.
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Syphilis Third Stage
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Bacteria - Microscopic single-celled organisms found wherever life is possible. Generally 0.0001–0.005 mm long, they may be spherical (coccus), rodlike (bacillus), or spiral-shaped (spirillum) and often occur in chains or clusters of cells. True bacteria have a rigid cell wall, which may be surrounded by a slimy capsule, and they often have long whip-like flagella for locomotion and short hair-like pili used in a form of sexual reproduction. A few bacteria can use simple chemical substances, including carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, to manufacture their own nutrients, but most require a source of carbon derived from living organisms (i.e. organic carbon) plus other nutrients for growth. Some bacteria can reproduce every 15 minutes, leading to rapid population growth. The most important role of bacteria is in decomposing dead plant and animal tissues and releasing their constituents to the soil (see carbon cycle). Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil or sea convert atmospheric nitrogen gas to nitrites and nitrates, which can then be used by plants (see nitrogen cycle). Cheese making and fermentation reactions depend on bacteria. Bacteria also play an important part in animal digestion, especially in ruminants. However, certain (pathogenic) species may cause disease while others, such as Salmonella, can cause food poisoning.
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